The HND unit 64 thermofluids in engineering concentrates on teaching students with an inclusive understanding of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, as mentioned in the content of industry. The unit starts with the discovery of the basic thermodynamic principles, like the system of power generation analysis, thermodynamics 1st law, and energy transfer. The students apply the flow steady energy equation (SFEE) and the energy equation of non-flow (NFEE), utilise interpret volume pressure diagrams, and the property table of thermodynamics. The key points of this are necessary to optimise and analyse the presentation of a thermodynamic industrial system such as a power plant, where the efficient energy and the work output are complex considerations.

An important part of the unit is allocated to the study of gas turbines and the practical steam plant. Students observe the operational rules of a turbine, analyse the efficiency or performance utilised in a diagram of the property, and assess the cycle, including alterations to the Rankine cycle for the increase of overall efficiency. The unit focuses on the significance of isentropic and the saving of energy options, and all qualified efficiencies in gas power and steam plants. This prepares learners for the assessment skill and augments the use of the supply energy system normally found in industrial methods and manufacturing.

Moreover, unit 64 explores the fluid properties, concentrating on consistency and its consequences on fluid flow. Students studied the diverse types of fluids (non-Newtonian and Newtonian), a process for determining compactness, and how viscosity influences flow characteristics and shear stress. This unit also discusses the analysis of a system of fluids, including the relationship between turbulent and laminar flow, the importance of the numbers of Reynolds, in pipework head losses, and the hydraulic machines` operations. Likewise, turbines and pumps. By adding the concepts, learners increase their ability to solve and analyse real-world problems of engineering, including thermofluids, making a contribution to industry where the thermal and fluid systems are essential.

Aims of this unit

There are 4 core aims of the unit 64 Thermofluids, which indicate the main aspects of learning in engineering according to Pearson`s set.

• To prepare learners for the use of information in applied engineering situations, as well, the analysis and design of pump systems, pipes, and turbines. Make sure that they play a role in the operation effectively and for the betterment of thermofluid in the natural world industry.
• To progress a solid, consider the basic rules of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Assure the learners to solve and analyse engineering problems associated with fluid flow and energy transfer in industrial systems.
• To provide learners with the skill to optimise and estimate the performance of gas turbines and steam power plants, involving the submission of the cycle of thermodynamic cycle, assessment of energy savers, and efficiency calculations.
• To prepare learners to analyse behaviour and properties of fluids, involving flow regimes, the influence of properties on the operation and design of fluid systems, and viscosity.

Learning outcomes

Here are the learning outcomes of the engineering unit 64 thermofluids through which the learners can increase their understanding regarding the solution of the assignment.

LO1: Review industrial thermodynamic systems and their properties.

• System of thermodynamics:
• Generation of a power plant
• Importance of the thermodynamic first law.
• Thermodynamic table of properties’ application.
• Utilise conversation for volume/pressure concepts and a work done diagram.
• Identify the (SFEE) steady flow energy equation and the (NFEE) non-flow energy equation system.
• The appeal of polytropic laws and gas laws for gases and vapours.
• System of transferring energy by employing the polytropic methods (adiabatic, isentropic, and isothermal).

LO2: Examine the operation of practical steam and gas turbine plants.

• Gas turbine and steam plant:
• The gas turbine and steam operations rules.
• Properties of gas turbine/steam plant utilised the supply of energy.
• Efficient cycle of isentropic turbine efficiencies and other effects.
• The ability of a gas and steam power plant.
• Diagram of property use in plant analysis.
• The option of energy saving adopts the plant of steam operating Rankine cycle modification.

LO3: Illustrate the properties of viscosity in fluids.

• Fluids in viscosity:
• Viscosity-like, shear stress, dynamic viscosity, shear rate, kinematic viscosity
• Non-Newtonian fluids and Newtonian fluids like Bingham plastic, Casson plastic, dilatant fluids and pseudoplastic.

LO4: Analyse fluid systems and hydraulic machines.

• System of fluids:
• Fluid flow characteristics like Reynolds numbers, turbulent and laminar flow
• Factors of friction: use of the diagram Moody, roughness of the relative pipe
• Big losses across diverse pipes of industry valves and fittings, utilise Darcy’s formula and Bernoulli’s equation
• Machines of hydraulic machines:
• Pumps such as reciprocating, centrifugal
• Turbines like Kaplan turbine, Pelton wheel, Francis wheel
• Analysis of the system:
• Analysis in diverse dimensions the verify the torque equation, flow rate and power rate
• Practice analysis of the dimension determines the role of the model scale
• Optimisation of the Pi theorem of Buckingham

Assessment criteria

The assessment criteria contain essential components of unit 64 thermofluids in engineering, and it is associated with the learning outcomes such as.

LO1: Review industrial thermodynamic systems and their properties.

• 1.1 Discuss the operation of industrial thermodynamic systems and their properties.
• 1.2 Describe the application of the first law of thermodynamics to industrial systems.
• 1.3 Illustrate the relationships between system constants for a perfect gas.
• 1.4 Determine the index of compression in polytrophic processes.
• 1.5 Analyse an operational industrial thermodynamic system in terms of work done.

LO2: Examine the operation of practical steam and gas turbine plants.

• 2.1 Explain the principles of operation of a steam turbine plant.
• 2.2 Calculate overall steam turbine plant efficiencies by the use of charts and/or tables.
• 2.3 Discuss the principles of operation of gas turbine plants.
• 2.4 Justify why the Rankine cycle is preferred over the Carnot cycle in steam production plants around the world.
• 2.5 Evaluate the modifications made to the basic Rankine cycle to improve the overall efficiency of steam power plants.

LO3: Illustrate the properties of viscosity in fluids.

• 3.1 Illustrate the properties of viscosity in fluids.
• 3.2 Explore three viscosity measurement techniques.
• 3.3 Evaluate the effects of shear force on Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
• 3.4 Compare the results of a viscosity test on a Newtonian fluid with that which is given on a data sheet and explain any discrepancies.

LO4: Analyse fluid systems and hydraulic machines.

• 4.1 Examine the characteristics of fluid flow in industrial piping systems.
• 4.2 Discuss the operational aspects of hydraulic machines.
• 4.3 Apply dimensional analysis to fluid flow.
• 4.4 Review the significance of the Reynolds number on fluid flow in a given system.
• 4.5 Evaluate the use of dimensionless analysis using the Buckingham Pi Theorem for a given industrial application.

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